I went to Harvard and lived in Lowell House. Lowell had tried to keep Jews out for "character" reasons. When I graduated, I was one of two winners of the Lowell House BJ Whiting Award for character. 🙂
The B. J. Whiting Book Prize was established in 1975 in honor of Bartlett Jere Whiting, Gurney Professor of English Literature, Emeritus and Associate of Lowell House. The prize is awarded by the members of the Senior Common Room of Lowell House at their discretion to the senior in Lowell House who adds wit and charm to the House, shows loyalty to the House, and makes it a desirable place for interaction.
In an even more delicious piece of irony, the book I got for the award was JEWISH LITERACY by Rabbi Joseph Telushkin.
He was a fine, principled man. When that Prize was inaugurated I was buried in my dissertation. Winthrop tutor. Thesis student under Morton Bloomfield.
At some point, I think we have to move beyond simply identifying the pattern and start asking the harder question: why is antisemitism such a reliable escape hatch for so many people?
Why do societies keep returning to Jews as the explanation, the scapegoat, the exception, the target?
By now, we should have serious studies and serious strategies on how to fight this. Is it education? Is it stronger Jewish identity? Is it legal action? Is it better messaging? Is it refusing to play defense all the time?
Because this is really the core issue underneath all these articles. The accusation changes. The language changes. The politics change. But somehow the Jews remain the target.
Understanding that pattern is important. Figuring out how to break it is even more important.
You might find what you're looking for in the work of Rene Girard. From Google AI's "deeper dive"
René Girard’s framework provides a foundational lens for understanding antisemitism as the world’s most persistent manifestation of the "scapegoat mechanism." The French philosopher argued that human communities naturally rely on arbitrary victims to absorb internal anxieties, projecting their own sins and social crises onto a chosen target to restore community peace.
Girard explicitly applied his concepts of mimetic theory, persecution text analysis, and biblical exegesis to the historical reality of antisemitism.
Mimetic Theory and the Scapegoat Mechanism
To comprehend Girard's perspective on antisemitism, it is necessary to trace his core sociological progression:
Mimetic Desire: Humans naturally copy the desires of others. We want things simply because others want them, rather than from authentic individual drive.
Mimetic Rivalry: Because people desire the same objects and statuses, they inevitably view one another as rivals. This creates escalating, community-wide conflict.
The Scapegoat Mechanism: When community anxiety reaches a boiling point, people subconsciously deflect their internal chaos away from each other and project it onto a single victim.The Cathartic Lie: The community unites in a shared, irrational accusation against the victim. Eliminating or expelling the victim provides temporary psychological peace, reinforcing the myth that the victim was truly guilty.
Why Jews Are Chosen as Scapegoats
In works like Things Hidden Since the Foundation of the World, Girard highlights that scapegoats are rarely random. They are selected based on specific societal "marks of victimhood".
The Ambivalent Outsider: Scapegoats often occupy an unstable societal space. Historically, Jews were integrated into Western and Middle Eastern societies, yet maintained distinct religious and cultural insulation. This simultaneous inside/outside status breeds intense mimetic anxiety.
The Double Nature (Power and Vulnerability): Communities target groups perceived as uniquely weak yet secretly, immensely powerful. Antisemitic conspiracy theories perfectly mirror this paradox, framing Jewish people as marginalized minorities who simultaneously pull global puppet strings.
The Face of Intractable Crisis: Girard noted that scapegoating allows communities to elude structural problems they cannot fix. Plagues, economic depressions, and wars are historically blamed on Jewish people (e.g., the Black Death blood libels) to avoid addressing real, complex systemic failures.
Girard's Exegesis: "Is There Anti-Semitism in the Gospels?"
Girard tackled a highly controversial intersection of his work in his prominent essay, Is There Anti-Semitism in the Gospels?. Biblical critics often charge early Christian texts with fostering centuries of anti-Jewish persecution. Girard defended the structural framework of the Gospels while explaining how historical readers distorted them:
The "Curses against the Pharisees"Frames Jewish people as a uniquely bloodthirsty nation that systematically killed prophets
.Jesus uses the Pharisees as a microcosm for all human culture, highlighting mankind's universal obsession with scapegoating.
The Crowd at the Passion
Blames the Jewish community collectively for the crucifixion of Jesus Christ.
Represents mimetic contagion. A crowd that cheered for Jesus days prior instantly turns on him because humans naturally copy each other's mounting hysteria.
The Revelation of the Victim
Used historically to justify retribution and violence against Jewish populations.
The Gospel's core purpose is to break the scapegoat mechanism forever by revealing, for the first time, that the victim is entirely innocent and the crowd is wrong.
Contemporary Resonance: The "Victimary Era"
In his later years, Girard warned of a modern distortion he called "victimism"—using the language of concern for victims to seize political and social leverage. Scholars applying Girard's work today note that modern antisemitism frequently morphs through this exact mechanism.
In highly polarized ideological environments, complex geopolitical or cultural crises are boiled down to simple binaries of oppressors versus victims. Because the Western cultural framework heavily penalizes the perceived oppressor, antisemitic rhetoric routinely mutates to cast Jewish communities or Israel into the role of the ultimate, irredeemable oppressor. By doing so, the collective mob can violently attack them while maintaining a self-righteous belief that they are defending human rights, thus continuing the cycle of the Girardian scapegoat.
Lynne, thank you for taking the time to post this. It's fascinating, and I appreciate you furthering the discussion.
I have actually held a similar belief to Girard's regarding why Jews so often become the scapegoat during periods of social stress and upheaval. In fact, I hope to write an article on the subject in the near future because I think the explanation may be somewhat simpler than many people realize.
That said, I completely agree that we need to keep asking why this phenomenon persists. Understanding the reasons matters because once we understand the causes, we can begin asking whether any of them can be addressed, mitigated, or challenged.
Thank you again for sharing this. You've given me more food for thought and helped move the conversation forward.
Check out Daniel Golden haven "Hitler's Willing Executioners" and follow up research how mass murders cross cultures, race, and time. Think Idi Amin, PolPot, Stalin, and more
Ed, that's a fair point. Human beings have certainly found many groups to persecute throughout history, and understanding how ordinary people become willing participants in those movements is important.
What still fascinates me, though, is the unique persistence of antisemitism. Empires rise and fall, ideologies change, religions change, political systems change, yet somehow Jews remain a recurring target across centuries and continents.
That's the piece I'm most interested in understanding. Not why people are capable of hatred in general, but why antisemitism seems to reinvent itself generation after generation.
Antisemitism has long been a problem in universities. Here's Daniel Goldhagen's take on universities during the post World War I Weimar republic of the 1920s (Hitler's Willing Executioners, 1996):
"During Weimar, student organizations and student bodies throughout the country showed themselves to be virulently antisemitic. In one university after the next, governing student associations were already, in the first years of the Weimar Republic, captured by nationalist, völkisch, and antisemitic forces, often by electoral majorities of two-thirds to three-quarters. Many of them, with little opposition, subsequently adopted “Aryan paragraphs,” clauses that called for the exclusion of Jews or for their severe restriction, both from student organizations and from study at universities. In 1920, for example, two-thirds of the student assembly at the Technical University of Hannover endorsed the call for “students of Jewish descent” to be excluded from the Union of German Students.
The hostility to Jews, by both students and professors, and the many accompanying discriminatory acts were alarmingly described by the Prussian Minister of Science, Art, and Popular Education in 1920 as a “massive swelling of antisemitic tendencies at our universities.” Max Weber, a few months earlier, commented in a letter that “the academic atmosphere has become extremely reactionary, and in addition radically antisemitic.”
All of this was to grow only worse ten years later, when many of these same organizations would wholeheartedly accept the leadership of Nazi students, and the National Socialist German Student League would win the allegiance of the majority of students in Germany and Austria. Professors, themselves anything but immune to the prevailing cultural models about Jews, rarely criticized the racist antisemitism that was the widespread norm on campuses."
2 of mah own fambly members graduated from Harvard in the 20's--more came later. They got in likely 'fore Lowell's quotas but they'd arrived in America btw. 1904 and 1907 with literally nuttin' 'cept (this is chalarious), one samovar, one tallis, a letter of introduction from a fambly member, an' one fringed piano shawl (yes they made shawls for pianas...guess mah great great gran'bubbie liked 'em?). Perhaps a prayer book? If so 'twas lost. The patriarch of the fam, a rabbi who'd never give a sermon again, the mama a poetess who spoke 8 languages. They came with 8 kids & bupkis, started life here as greengrocers & two of the boys ended up with law degrees from Harvard. Go figger. I didn't know 'bout Lowell but I knew 'bout quotas... one woid fer 'em: grrrrr! (an' now we're on rinse & repeat...as ya said Pat, "The pattern remains the same.")
ps in mah own grad-jew-atin' class me (jooish) & mah best friend Susan (notta joo) were the two top stewdents with perfect GPAs, SATs, a host of extra-curriculars--HaHaHavard passed us both up an' from our class selected only one girl, a black girl named LaVerne who had (at best) a B-grade avg, was great a track, an' was poifectly ordinary / average an' dare I say mediocre. Affirmatively...yep. I missed out on Robert Brustein (jooish, natch) but survived (a crackpot with three "mistress" degrees lol). But yeah, Harvard's perpetually on mah poopie list...
It’s hard not to wonder if this rise is irrational Jew hatred is leading to another major war like it did a while back. In both cases, an awful lot of people stopped thinking clearly.
“It’s a no-win game, obviously. Trying to talk reason to someone determined to flout logic is destined to failure. (Failure for us, that is. Driving us around the bend with their stupid, illogical games — not convincing anyone of anything — is their goal. They get off on watching us try to intellectualize against their preposterous drivel.)”
I’ve had to stop commenting… I feel my blood pressure rising, literally, and already had one stroke. I don’t have the patience or concentration to try to explain something to someone who won’t listen and will only end up insulting me anyway. My head’s in a bad place right now anyway so, I suppose it’s “self care”. Thanks for doing what you do, Pat.
You know, I can be a bit naive at times… and I’ve never yet figured out why - before Israel reacted in anyway - the blame for Oct. 7th was put on Israel by some: I just don’t get it. How could anyone possibly think that? Ach, I’m old, tired, and overwhelmed.
"Let’s call this the Lowell Formulation™: A phenomenon may apply to vast swaths of a population — even a majority — but it is only the Jews who get blamed."
British sociologist and founder of the London Centre for the Study of Contemporary Antisemitism (LSCSA) who coined the "Livingstone Formulation"*, might heartily applaud what you've summarized so well here.
*In 2005, sociologist David Hirsh coined the term "the Livingstone Formulation" for "responding to an accusation of antisemitism with a counter-accusation of Zionist bad faith".[3][4][5] The concept is named for former London mayor Ken Livingstone, who wrote in an op-ed for The Guardian in March 2006 after he was called antisemitic for saying a Jewish journalist behaved like "a German war criminal":[4][6][7]
Some time before this incident was blown up out of all proportion, the Board of Deputies asked to meet me to urge me to tone down my views on the Israeli government. For far too long the accusation of anti-semitism has been used against anyone who is critical of the policies of the Israeli government, as I have been. Even Tony Blair was recently described as a "common anti-semite" in an Israeli newspaper. Being Jewish is no defence from this charge. The famous Israeli conductor and pianist Daniel Barenboim was recently denounced by an Israeli minister as "a real Jew hater, a real anti-semite". Antony Lerman, director of the Institute for Jewish Policy Research, has said that equating criticism of Israel policies with anti-semitism "drains the word anti-semitism of any useful meaning". [8]
David Hirsh characterizes the Livingstone Formulation's key elements as follows:
"To refuse to discuss the content of the accusation by shifting focus instead onto the hidden motive for the allegation."
"To make a counter-accusation that the accuser is not mistaken, has not made an error of judgment, but is getting it wrong on purpose."
"To collapse everything – some of which may be demonization of Israel, support for boycott, or antisemitism – into a legitimate category like 'criticism'."
"To allege that those who raise the issue of antisemitism are doing so as part of a common secret plan to silence such 'criticism'."[5]
Hirsh gives as examples of the Livingstone Formulation: former President of Iran Mahmoud Ahmadinejad, who responded to criticism of his Holocaust denial by complaining that "As soon as anyone objects to the behaviour of the Zionist regime, they’re accused of being anti-Semitic"; American white supremacist David Duke; British National Party leader Nick Griffin; and American aviator Charles Lindbergh.[5]
Jewish slum of Harvard’s PhD program. We knew. We’re down to about 4 percent. The worst for Harvard. I rather like President Garber. Lowell would plotz.
I went to Harvard and lived in Lowell House. Lowell had tried to keep Jews out for "character" reasons. When I graduated, I was one of two winners of the Lowell House BJ Whiting Award for character. 🙂
Way to kick the old bugger in the nads! Congrats!
Mr. Whiting was my first year adviser! What was this award?
From https://lowell.harvard.edu/lowell-house-prizes :
B. J. WHITING PRIZE
The B. J. Whiting Book Prize was established in 1975 in honor of Bartlett Jere Whiting, Gurney Professor of English Literature, Emeritus and Associate of Lowell House. The prize is awarded by the members of the Senior Common Room of Lowell House at their discretion to the senior in Lowell House who adds wit and charm to the House, shows loyalty to the House, and makes it a desirable place for interaction.
In an even more delicious piece of irony, the book I got for the award was JEWISH LITERACY by Rabbi Joseph Telushkin.
He was a fine, principled man. When that Prize was inaugurated I was buried in my dissertation. Winthrop tutor. Thesis student under Morton Bloomfield.
Pat, everything you say here is true and dead on.
At some point, I think we have to move beyond simply identifying the pattern and start asking the harder question: why is antisemitism such a reliable escape hatch for so many people?
Why do societies keep returning to Jews as the explanation, the scapegoat, the exception, the target?
By now, we should have serious studies and serious strategies on how to fight this. Is it education? Is it stronger Jewish identity? Is it legal action? Is it better messaging? Is it refusing to play defense all the time?
Because this is really the core issue underneath all these articles. The accusation changes. The language changes. The politics change. But somehow the Jews remain the target.
Understanding that pattern is important. Figuring out how to break it is even more important.
You might find what you're looking for in the work of Rene Girard. From Google AI's "deeper dive"
René Girard’s framework provides a foundational lens for understanding antisemitism as the world’s most persistent manifestation of the "scapegoat mechanism." The French philosopher argued that human communities naturally rely on arbitrary victims to absorb internal anxieties, projecting their own sins and social crises onto a chosen target to restore community peace.
Girard explicitly applied his concepts of mimetic theory, persecution text analysis, and biblical exegesis to the historical reality of antisemitism.
Mimetic Theory and the Scapegoat Mechanism
To comprehend Girard's perspective on antisemitism, it is necessary to trace his core sociological progression:
Mimetic Desire: Humans naturally copy the desires of others. We want things simply because others want them, rather than from authentic individual drive.
Mimetic Rivalry: Because people desire the same objects and statuses, they inevitably view one another as rivals. This creates escalating, community-wide conflict.
The Scapegoat Mechanism: When community anxiety reaches a boiling point, people subconsciously deflect their internal chaos away from each other and project it onto a single victim.The Cathartic Lie: The community unites in a shared, irrational accusation against the victim. Eliminating or expelling the victim provides temporary psychological peace, reinforcing the myth that the victim was truly guilty.
Why Jews Are Chosen as Scapegoats
In works like Things Hidden Since the Foundation of the World, Girard highlights that scapegoats are rarely random. They are selected based on specific societal "marks of victimhood".
The Ambivalent Outsider: Scapegoats often occupy an unstable societal space. Historically, Jews were integrated into Western and Middle Eastern societies, yet maintained distinct religious and cultural insulation. This simultaneous inside/outside status breeds intense mimetic anxiety.
The Double Nature (Power and Vulnerability): Communities target groups perceived as uniquely weak yet secretly, immensely powerful. Antisemitic conspiracy theories perfectly mirror this paradox, framing Jewish people as marginalized minorities who simultaneously pull global puppet strings.
The Face of Intractable Crisis: Girard noted that scapegoating allows communities to elude structural problems they cannot fix. Plagues, economic depressions, and wars are historically blamed on Jewish people (e.g., the Black Death blood libels) to avoid addressing real, complex systemic failures.
Girard's Exegesis: "Is There Anti-Semitism in the Gospels?"
Girard tackled a highly controversial intersection of his work in his prominent essay, Is There Anti-Semitism in the Gospels?. Biblical critics often charge early Christian texts with fostering centuries of anti-Jewish persecution. Girard defended the structural framework of the Gospels while explaining how historical readers distorted them:
Narrative ComponentConventional Anti-Semitic ReadingGirardian Reading
The "Curses against the Pharisees"Frames Jewish people as a uniquely bloodthirsty nation that systematically killed prophets
.Jesus uses the Pharisees as a microcosm for all human culture, highlighting mankind's universal obsession with scapegoating.
The Crowd at the Passion
Blames the Jewish community collectively for the crucifixion of Jesus Christ.
Represents mimetic contagion. A crowd that cheered for Jesus days prior instantly turns on him because humans naturally copy each other's mounting hysteria.
The Revelation of the Victim
Used historically to justify retribution and violence against Jewish populations.
The Gospel's core purpose is to break the scapegoat mechanism forever by revealing, for the first time, that the victim is entirely innocent and the crowd is wrong.
Contemporary Resonance: The "Victimary Era"
In his later years, Girard warned of a modern distortion he called "victimism"—using the language of concern for victims to seize political and social leverage. Scholars applying Girard's work today note that modern antisemitism frequently morphs through this exact mechanism.
In highly polarized ideological environments, complex geopolitical or cultural crises are boiled down to simple binaries of oppressors versus victims. Because the Western cultural framework heavily penalizes the perceived oppressor, antisemitic rhetoric routinely mutates to cast Jewish communities or Israel into the role of the ultimate, irredeemable oppressor. By doing so, the collective mob can violently attack them while maintaining a self-righteous belief that they are defending human rights, thus continuing the cycle of the Girardian scapegoat.
Lynne, thank you for taking the time to post this. It's fascinating, and I appreciate you furthering the discussion.
I have actually held a similar belief to Girard's regarding why Jews so often become the scapegoat during periods of social stress and upheaval. In fact, I hope to write an article on the subject in the near future because I think the explanation may be somewhat simpler than many people realize.
That said, I completely agree that we need to keep asking why this phenomenon persists. Understanding the reasons matters because once we understand the causes, we can begin asking whether any of them can be addressed, mitigated, or challenged.
Thank you again for sharing this. You've given me more food for thought and helped move the conversation forward.
Embedded Evil? Shows up on command for the dark side of human politics. I don't know, it puzzles me too.
Check out Daniel Golden haven "Hitler's Willing Executioners" and follow up research how mass murders cross cultures, race, and time. Think Idi Amin, PolPot, Stalin, and more
Ed, that's a fair point. Human beings have certainly found many groups to persecute throughout history, and understanding how ordinary people become willing participants in those movements is important.
What still fascinates me, though, is the unique persistence of antisemitism. Empires rise and fall, ideologies change, religions change, political systems change, yet somehow Jews remain a recurring target across centuries and continents.
That's the piece I'm most interested in understanding. Not why people are capable of hatred in general, but why antisemitism seems to reinvent itself generation after generation.
Goldhagen.
Antisemitism has long been a problem in universities. Here's Daniel Goldhagen's take on universities during the post World War I Weimar republic of the 1920s (Hitler's Willing Executioners, 1996):
"During Weimar, student organizations and student bodies throughout the country showed themselves to be virulently antisemitic. In one university after the next, governing student associations were already, in the first years of the Weimar Republic, captured by nationalist, völkisch, and antisemitic forces, often by electoral majorities of two-thirds to three-quarters. Many of them, with little opposition, subsequently adopted “Aryan paragraphs,” clauses that called for the exclusion of Jews or for their severe restriction, both from student organizations and from study at universities. In 1920, for example, two-thirds of the student assembly at the Technical University of Hannover endorsed the call for “students of Jewish descent” to be excluded from the Union of German Students.
The hostility to Jews, by both students and professors, and the many accompanying discriminatory acts were alarmingly described by the Prussian Minister of Science, Art, and Popular Education in 1920 as a “massive swelling of antisemitic tendencies at our universities.” Max Weber, a few months earlier, commented in a letter that “the academic atmosphere has become extremely reactionary, and in addition radically antisemitic.”
All of this was to grow only worse ten years later, when many of these same organizations would wholeheartedly accept the leadership of Nazi students, and the National Socialist German Student League would win the allegiance of the majority of students in Germany and Austria. Professors, themselves anything but immune to the prevailing cultural models about Jews, rarely criticized the racist antisemitism that was the widespread norm on campuses."
2 of mah own fambly members graduated from Harvard in the 20's--more came later. They got in likely 'fore Lowell's quotas but they'd arrived in America btw. 1904 and 1907 with literally nuttin' 'cept (this is chalarious), one samovar, one tallis, a letter of introduction from a fambly member, an' one fringed piano shawl (yes they made shawls for pianas...guess mah great great gran'bubbie liked 'em?). Perhaps a prayer book? If so 'twas lost. The patriarch of the fam, a rabbi who'd never give a sermon again, the mama a poetess who spoke 8 languages. They came with 8 kids & bupkis, started life here as greengrocers & two of the boys ended up with law degrees from Harvard. Go figger. I didn't know 'bout Lowell but I knew 'bout quotas... one woid fer 'em: grrrrr! (an' now we're on rinse & repeat...as ya said Pat, "The pattern remains the same.")
ps in mah own grad-jew-atin' class me (jooish) & mah best friend Susan (notta joo) were the two top stewdents with perfect GPAs, SATs, a host of extra-curriculars--HaHaHavard passed us both up an' from our class selected only one girl, a black girl named LaVerne who had (at best) a B-grade avg, was great a track, an' was poifectly ordinary / average an' dare I say mediocre. Affirmatively...yep. I missed out on Robert Brustein (jooish, natch) but survived (a crackpot with three "mistress" degrees lol). But yeah, Harvard's perpetually on mah poopie list...
It’s hard not to wonder if this rise is irrational Jew hatred is leading to another major war like it did a while back. In both cases, an awful lot of people stopped thinking clearly.
“It’s a no-win game, obviously. Trying to talk reason to someone determined to flout logic is destined to failure. (Failure for us, that is. Driving us around the bend with their stupid, illogical games — not convincing anyone of anything — is their goal. They get off on watching us try to intellectualize against their preposterous drivel.)”
I’ve had to stop commenting… I feel my blood pressure rising, literally, and already had one stroke. I don’t have the patience or concentration to try to explain something to someone who won’t listen and will only end up insulting me anyway. My head’s in a bad place right now anyway so, I suppose it’s “self care”. Thanks for doing what you do, Pat.
You know, I can be a bit naive at times… and I’ve never yet figured out why - before Israel reacted in anyway - the blame for Oct. 7th was put on Israel by some: I just don’t get it. How could anyone possibly think that? Ach, I’m old, tired, and overwhelmed.
Excellent article, Pat. As a Harvard grad who lived in Lowell House, your words are quite perceptive.
"Let’s call this the Lowell Formulation™: A phenomenon may apply to vast swaths of a population — even a majority — but it is only the Jews who get blamed."
British sociologist and founder of the London Centre for the Study of Contemporary Antisemitism (LSCSA) who coined the "Livingstone Formulation"*, might heartily applaud what you've summarized so well here.
*In 2005, sociologist David Hirsh coined the term "the Livingstone Formulation" for "responding to an accusation of antisemitism with a counter-accusation of Zionist bad faith".[3][4][5] The concept is named for former London mayor Ken Livingstone, who wrote in an op-ed for The Guardian in March 2006 after he was called antisemitic for saying a Jewish journalist behaved like "a German war criminal":[4][6][7]
Some time before this incident was blown up out of all proportion, the Board of Deputies asked to meet me to urge me to tone down my views on the Israeli government. For far too long the accusation of anti-semitism has been used against anyone who is critical of the policies of the Israeli government, as I have been. Even Tony Blair was recently described as a "common anti-semite" in an Israeli newspaper. Being Jewish is no defence from this charge. The famous Israeli conductor and pianist Daniel Barenboim was recently denounced by an Israeli minister as "a real Jew hater, a real anti-semite". Antony Lerman, director of the Institute for Jewish Policy Research, has said that equating criticism of Israel policies with anti-semitism "drains the word anti-semitism of any useful meaning". [8]
David Hirsh characterizes the Livingstone Formulation's key elements as follows:
"To refuse to discuss the content of the accusation by shifting focus instead onto the hidden motive for the allegation."
"To make a counter-accusation that the accuser is not mistaken, has not made an error of judgment, but is getting it wrong on purpose."
"To collapse everything – some of which may be demonization of Israel, support for boycott, or antisemitism – into a legitimate category like 'criticism'."
"To allege that those who raise the issue of antisemitism are doing so as part of a common secret plan to silence such 'criticism'."[5]
Hirsh gives as examples of the Livingstone Formulation: former President of Iran Mahmoud Ahmadinejad, who responded to criticism of his Holocaust denial by complaining that "As soon as anyone objects to the behaviour of the Zionist regime, they’re accused of being anti-Semitic"; American white supremacist David Duke; British National Party leader Nick Griffin; and American aviator Charles Lindbergh.[5]
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Livingstone_Formulation
Jewish slum of Harvard’s PhD program. We knew. We’re down to about 4 percent. The worst for Harvard. I rather like President Garber. Lowell would plotz.
That is alum. Regardless of the chic court antisemites.